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为探究采空区稳沉后新建建筑地基的稳定性,以金家庄煤矿为例开展物理模拟研究,模拟煤层开挖至地表稳沉的情形,在地表不同位置,以20 m为间距,选取5,10,15层的普通楼房为加载对象,探究加载后的覆岩和地表变形过程、地表下沉量、倾斜变形、曲率变形和水平变形规律,得出采空区新建建筑的选址准则和荷载标准。结果表明,采空区正上方加载产生的下沉量和影响范围均大于其他区域,属于整体下沉;在开切眼或终采线偏向采空区侧情况下加载产生明显的不均匀沉降,偏向煤柱侧加载产生较小的不均匀沉降;5—10层荷载标准时地表残余变形为渐变,10—15层荷载标准时为突变。
In order to explore the stability of the foundation of new building after the steady goaf of the goaf, the Jinjiazhuang coal mine is taken as an example to carry out the physical simulation study to simulate the situation of the coal seam excavation to the surface stable. At different positions on the earth’s surface, 5, 10, and 15-story common buildings are loading objects, and explore the overlying strata and surface deformation process, surface subsidence, slope deformation, curvature deformation and horizontal deformation after loading, and get the site selection rules of new buildings in the goaf And load standards. The results show that the subsidence caused by the load directly above the goaf and its influence range are greater than those of other regions, which are all subsidence. When the open goose or tailing line deviates from the goaf, Slight bias to the side of the coal pillar results in less uneven settlement; the surface residual deformation of the 5-10-layer load standard is gradual and the 10-15-layer load standard is the mutation.