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甘蓝型油菜(Brassica napus,AACC,2n=38)是中国种植面积最大的油料作物。单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)分子标记作为最重要的分子标记技术对正向遗传学研究有极其重要的作用。过去五年,白菜(Brassica rapa)、甘蓝(Brassica oleracea)以及甘蓝型油菜的基因组序列的组装完成,更增大了SNP分子标记在油菜中的研究潜力。本文分析了SNP的生物性质及其技术研究,回顾SNP在甘蓝型油菜中的应用现状,重点关注SNP在连锁图谱构建以及关联分析中的应用,同时,综述了SNP在甘蓝型油菜种质资源分析、群体进化分析,以及分子标记辅助育种等方面的众多应用,旨在为理解和研究SNP分子标记在甘蓝型油菜中的应用提供参考。
Brassica napus (AACC, 2n = 38) is the largest oilseed crop in China. As the most important molecular marker, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) molecular marker plays an important role in the study of forward genetics. The assembly of the genomic sequences of Brassica rapa, Brassica oleracea and Brassica napus has been completed over the past five years, further increasing the potential of SNP markers in rapeseed. In this paper, we analyzed the biological properties of SNPs and their technology, reviewed the application status of SNPs in Brassica napus, and focused on the application of SNPs in linkage map construction and linkage analysis. At the same time, reviewed SNP in rapeseed germplasm resources analysis , Population evolutionary analysis, and molecular marker-assisted breeding, and so on, so as to provide references for understanding and studying the application of SNP molecular marker in Brassica napus.