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政府职能反映了政府在公共领域的责任和功能,随着经济体制的变迁而不断调整、完善。我国政府职能转变是市场经济体制改革的内在要求,两者相互制约、相互推动。对政府职能转变的影响因素的划分主要存在两类观点,一类将其分为外部环境因素和内部组织因素,另一类则从政治、经济、社会、文化等方面考量。政府职能转变的阶段性目标是建设服务型政府,这与国家治理现代化具有内在的一致性,关键在于构建配置合理、关系顺畅、权责对称的政府职能体系。为更精确地描述政府职能转变的实施效果,应适时引入绩效评估工具。优化实施效果不仅应关注政府自身治理与能力提升,同时必须注重政府与所处环境的互动。针对内部优化策略的讨论主要涉及体制、职权、机构、人员等,而外部保障机制建设的核心在于完善“政府—市场—社会”多中心治理格局。下一步研究工作可聚焦政府职能转变的理论体系和运作机制、实施绩效和影响因素、实践案例的比较分析等方面。
Government functions reflect the government’s responsibility and function in the public sphere, and constantly adjust and improve as the economic system changes. The transformation of government functions in our country is an inherent requirement of the reform of the market economy system. Both of them restrict each other and promote each other. There are mainly two kinds of viewpoints on the division of the factors that affect the transformation of government functions. One is to classify them into external environmental factors and internal organizational factors, and the other consider political, economic, social and cultural aspects. The key goal of the transformation of government functions is to build a service-oriented government. This is inherently consistent with the modernization of state governance. The key lies in building a government functional system that is reasonably configured, well-linked, and symmetrical in power and responsibility. In order to describe the effect of the transformation of government functions more accurately, the performance appraisal tools should be introduced timely. To optimize the implementation effect, we should not only pay attention to the government’s own governance and ability improvement, but also pay attention to the interaction between the government and its environment. The discussion about the internal optimization strategy mainly involves the system, authority, organization, personnel, etc. The core of the construction of the external guarantee mechanism lies in the perfection of the “government-market-society” multi-center governance structure. The next research work can focus on the theoretical system and operation mechanism of the transformation of government functions, the implementation of performance and influencing factors, the comparative analysis of practical cases and so on.