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为了明确寄主专化性是否会影响棉蚜的繁殖策略或生活史对策,采用低温和短光照组合(18℃,L∶D=8∶16)分别对棉花型和瓜型棉蚜进行有性世代的诱导,比较两寄主专化型棉蚜产生有翅蚜、雄性母、雌性母及无翅孤雌蚜的能力。结果表明:两寄主专化型棉蚜在产生有性世代能力上存在显著差异,表现为棉花型棉蚜在诱导后代中产生有翅蚜、雄性母和雌性母的比率显著高于瓜型棉蚜,并且雌、雄性母产生的时间明显早于瓜型棉蚜。瓜型棉蚜在诱导条件下产生无翅孤雌蚜的比率显著高于棉花型棉蚜,并且发现有不产生有性世代的营专性孤雌生殖个体,而在棉花型棉蚜中没有发现。产生性母蚜的棉花型和瓜型棉蚜均可同时产生孤雌胎生后代。寄主型与诱导时间长短对棉蚜有性世代的产生存在交互作用。采集于田间棉花和黄瓜上的棉蚜,也表现为棉花上的易产生有性世代,在诱导的第2代中产生性母蚜的比率显著高于黄瓜上的棉蚜,并且性母蚜比率在诱导的第2代与第3代间无显著差异;但黄瓜上的棉蚜性母蚜产生比率第3代显著高于第2代。由此推测,棉蚜寄主专化性的形成与生活史特性的分化有关。
In order to clarify whether host specificity could affect the reproductive strategy or the life history strategy of cotton aphid, the cotton genotypes and the melon-type cotton aphids were subjected to sex generation at low temperature and short light combinations (18 ℃, L: D = 8:16) , And compared the ability of two host-specific aphids to produce aphids, male, female and wingless parthenogenetic aphids. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the abilities of two host-specific cotton aphids to produce sexual generation. The results showed that cotton aphid had aphids in induced offspring, and the ratio of male to female was significantly higher than that of cotton aphid , And the male and female were born earlier than the melon aphid. The percentage of melon-type cotton aphid to produce wing-free parthenozovirus was significantly higher than that of cotton-type cotton aphid under inducing condition, and it was found that there was no parthenogenetic parthenogenetic part in the cotton-type aphid . Produce female aphids cotton and cotton aphid melon can generate parthenogenesis offspring. Host-type and induction of the length of time have a sexual generation of cotton aphid interactions have interaction. Aphis gossypii collected on cotton and cucumber in the field also showed that the sexual generation on cotton was easy, and the percentage of sexual aphids in induced 2nd generation was significantly higher than that on cucumber, and the ratio of sex female aphids There was no significant difference between induced 2nd and 3rd generation, but the 3rd generation of cotton aphid female aphids on cucumber was significantly higher than the 2nd generation. Therefore, it is speculated that the formation of host specificity of cotton aphid is related to the differentiation of life history characteristics.