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在讨论泰国的私有化之前,首先必须弄清“私有化”这个词的含义。私有化可以界定为导致政府直接或间接具有或控制的功能、活动、资产或组织,全部或部分地转移给非政府机构的战略或过程。笼统地说,即公共的东西变成私人手里的东西。这意味着政府在经济领域中的作用的减弱,或经济界常说的“政府边界的退缩”。既然私有化的实质是减少政府的作用,在泰国的具体情况下,这个词还有停业清算的意思,也即关闭亏损的国营公司。虽然私有化在某些情况下不同于取消管制,但本文采用这样的观点;取消管制是私有化的一个组成部分,私有化包括取消管制,即取消对竞争的限制。
Before discussing the privatization of Thailand, we must first understand the meaning of the word “privatization.” Privatization can be defined as a strategy or process that results in the transfer, in whole or in part, of non-government agencies to functions, activities, assets or organizations that the government directly or indirectly owns or controls. In a nutshell, public things become things in private hands. This means that the government’s role in the economic field has weakened, or the “economic retreat” of the government’s boundaries. Since the essence of privatization is to reduce the role of the government, in the specific case of Thailand, the term has the meaning of suspension of business and liquidation, that is, the closure of a loss-making state-owned company. Although privatization differs from deregulation in some cases, this article adopts the notion that deregulation is an integral part of privatization, which includes deregulation, which removes restrictions on competition.