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为了评价8个玉米群体在我国东北区的育种应用潜力,采用增广NCII遗传交配设计,以分别代表我国主要种质类群的群体中综5号、中群11和中群12为测验种,与8个玉米群体组配24个杂交组合,连同11个群体在吉林公主岭和辽宁沈阳进行田间联合鉴定,测量产量、抽丝期、穗位高和倒折率。研究表明,吉综A、豫综5号、中综3号、中综4号等4个群体性状表现较好,一般配合力效应较高,在东北区具有较大的利用潜力。中综5号×吉综A、中群12×豫综5号、中综5号×中综3号、中群12×中综4号等组合特殊配合力和中亲优势值相对较低,且组合产量相对较高,抽丝期、株高和穗位高适中,较抗倒折。建议将豫综5号和中综4号与A群种质、吉综A和中综3号与D群种质创建复合种质,逐步改良,扩宽我国东北区玉米种质基础。
In order to evaluate the potential of 8 maize populations in breeding and breeding in the northeastern region of China, comprehensive NCII genetic mating design was used to test the breed of Zhonghe No.5, Zhongqun11 and Zhongqu12, which represent the major germplasm groups in China respectively, Twenty-four maize populations with 24 cross combinations, together with 11 populations were identified in the field in Gongzhuling, Jilin and Shenyang in Liaoning Province. Yield, silking stage, ear height and refolding rate were measured. The results showed that the four population traits such as Ji’nan A, Yu’nan 5, Zhongza 3 and Zhong’za 4 performed better, with higher general combining ability, and had greater utilization potential in Northeast China. Zhongzheng No.5 × Ji’jiao A, Zhongqu12 × Yuzheng5, Zhongzheng5 × Zhongzazan3, Zhongqu12 × Zhongzheng4 had lower specific combining ability and middle progeny, And the combination of yield is relatively high, the spinning stage, plant height and ear height is moderate, anti-rebound. It is suggested that the composite germplasms of Yuhe 5 and Zhonghe 4, A group germplasm, Jigai A and Zhongza 3 and D group germplasm should be established to gradually improve and broaden the base of maize germplasm in Northeast China.