目的探讨乙型肝炎后肝硬化代偿期患者的血清炎性因子和肝功能变化,以及与预后的关系。方法选取湖北工业大学医院2014年01月至2017年01月的120例乙型肝炎后肝硬化代偿期患者进行研究,随访2年,根据预后情况分为预后好组(n=88)和预后差组(n=32),2组患者治疗前、治疗后1个月、6个月、12个月、24个月血清炎性因子和肝功能水平,分析血清炎性因子和肝功能变化与预后的关系。结果治疗后1个月、6个月、12个月、24个月预后好组患者的IL-6、IL-8及TNF-α水平明显低于预后差组,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.003,0.001,0.012;P=0.001,0.009,0.012;P=0.002,0.002,0.000;P=0.001,0.001,0.000);治疗后1个月、6个月、12个月、24个月预后好组患者的HBV-DNA、ALT、AST、TB、HA、PCⅢ、LN水平明显低于预后差组,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.032,0.008,0.015,0.033,0.025,0.012,0.025;P=0.017,0.005,0.021,0.009,0.005,0.004,0.011;P=0.008,0.001,0.015,0.003,0.001,0.000,0.000;P=0.007,0.000,0.000,0.003,0.000,0.000,0.001)。结论乙型肝炎后肝硬化代偿期患者进行抗病毒治疗后的血清炎性因子和肝功能变化与预后有关。