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对传染病与非传染病的某些相似性与差异加以比较,指出若干可应用于非传染病的传染病流行病学概念,乃是很有意义的。本文着重讨论的内容限于下列流行病学活动的不同领域: (1) 人类疾病发生的观察; (2) “自然的”实验; (3) 实验流行病学——随机化的对照实验; (4) 理论流行病学(数理统计学的): (a) 模型;(b) 计算机模拟。 大多数的流行病学研究包括对人类疾病发生的观察性研究。传染病与非传染病的一个重要差异是时间的单位;若将某一传染病(如血清性肝炎)与一非传染病(如放射原性白血病)的潜伏期加以比较,即显而易见。将白血病的潜伏期资料累积起来按传染
Some similarities and differences between infectious diseases and noncommunicable diseases are compared, pointing out that it is of great significance that a number of epidemiological concepts can be applied to noncommunicable diseases. The focus of this article is limited to the following areas of epidemiology: (1) observation of human disease occurrence; (2) “natural” experiments; (3) experimental epidemiology-randomized controlled trials; (4) ) Theoretical Epidemiology (Mathematical Statistics): (a) Model; (b) Computer Simulation. Most epidemiological studies include observational studies of human disease. An important difference between an infectious disease and a noncommunicable disease is the unit of time; it is obvious to compare the latency of a communicable disease (such as seronegative hepatitis) with that of a noncommunicable disease (such as radiation-induced leukemia). Accumulation of leukemia data accumulated by infection