天麻是兰科,Gasrtodia elata Bl.又名赤箭、明天麻、定风草,多年生共生草本,是一种无根无叶绿素的植物。药用干燥块茎。天麻分春麻和冬麻。春麻根茎空裂,外形较冬麻瘦长而瘪,是春天采挖的。冬麻是冬天采挖的,叫冬麻或叫梦麻,其肉质肥厚,体重而坚实,加工后,上端有干枯的红芽,又叫鹦哥嘴。 Gastrodia is Orchidaceae, Gasrtodia elata Bl. also known as Chijian, tomorrow Ma, wind grass, perennial herb, is a rootless chlorophyll-free plants. Medicinal dry tubers. Gastrodia is divided into spring and winter hemp. Spring rhizomes are cracked, and the shape is longer and heavier than winter hemp. It is excavated in spring. Dongmao is excavated in winter. It is called Dongma or Mengma. Its flesh is hypertrophic, and its weight is firm. After processing, there are dry red buds on top, and it is also known as a parrot.