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(一) 议会制的起源与发展英国的议会制历史悠久,它最早起源于1265年的“西门国会”。早在1215年,“无地王”约翰(1199—1216年)被迫签署的“大宪章”规定,非经王国“大议会”(areat Council,国家最高咨议机构,由僧俗贵族组成,后来演变为枢密院和议会的上院)同意,国王不得向封建领主征收额外的税金。这是英国历史上以文书形式限制王权的第一个文件,也是英国宪法的第一个文件。1258年,亨利三世(1216—1272年)为替其子攻取西西里王国,要求大议会供给所需的战争经费。这一额外索需激起诸侯的强烈反对,他们不仅拒绝出钱,而且武装冲入王宫,逼迫国王驱逐幸臣,实行改革。亨利无
(A) the origin and development of the parliamentary system Britain’s parliamentary system has a long history, it first originated in 1265 “Simon’s Congress.” As early as 1215, the Magna Carta, which King of Landless John was forced to sign (1199-1216), stipulates that not the “areat Council” (the Supreme Council of the Nation, the monastic nobility, Evolved into the Privy Council and the upper house of parliament) agreed that the king must not levy additional tax on feudal lords. This is the first document in the history of the United Kingdom that is an instrument of paperwork to limit royal power and the first document of the British constitution. In 1258, Henry III (1216-1272) attacked the kingdom of Sicily for his son and demanded that the council provide the necessary war funding. This extra claim aroused strong opposition from the princes. They not only refused to pay their money, they also infiltrated the royal palace and forced the king to expel Fortunately good officials and carry out reforms. Henry no