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研究了三种钢材试样的形状和尺寸对抗拉力学性能的影响。结果表明:圆柱试样直径 d_0 从25毫米减至8毫米,各项性能指标均无明显变化,当 d_0 为6毫米时,δ和均有明显增加,σ_s 和σ_h 亦略有增加;圆柱形试样的各项性能指标均高于矩形试样,塑性指标更为显著;随着矩形试样宽厚比的增加,σ_b 无明显变化,σ_s 和(?)略有降低,δ增加。根据试验结果分析,提出了理想的圆柱试样和矩形试样的各尺寸范围。
The effects of the shape and size of the three steel samples on tensile mechanical properties were studied. The results show that the diameter of cylindrical specimen d_0 is reduced from 25 mm to 8 mm, and there is no obvious change in each performance index. When d_0 is 6 mm, the δ and δ both increase obviously and σ_s and σ_h also increase slightly. All the performance indexes were higher than those of the rectangular specimens, and the plasticity indexes were more significant. With the increase of the aspect ratio of the rectangular specimens, there was no significant change of σ_b, σ_s and (?) Decreased slightly, and δ increased. According to the analysis of test results, the ideal size range of cylindrical specimen and rectangular specimen is proposed.