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能源安全战略一般存在于主权国家语境,由主权国家的能源经济利益和能源安全风险决定。欧盟是一个主权国家集合体,在能源利益和能源安全风险方面,成员国之间差异较大,难以形成超国家性质的能源安全战略。但是,欧盟成员国都存在着对外油气依赖所产生的安全问题,气候变化又凸显了能源安全的多维性和整体性。为此,欧盟成员国达成了政治共识,决定采取团结一致的立场,共同应对能源安全挑战。本文尝试从经济自由主义、地缘政治、制度主义三种理论范式,对欧盟能源安全战略做出较为全面的解析。
Energy security strategy generally exists in the context of sovereign states, the sovereign energy economy and energy security risks of the decision. The EU is an assembly of sovereign countries. There are great differences among member countries in terms of energy interests and energy security risks, and it is difficult to form an energy security strategy of an ultra-national nature. However, all EU member states have the security problems arising from the dependence on foreign oil and gas, and climate change highlights the multidimensional and integral nature of energy security. To this end, the EU member states reached a political consensus, decided to take a united stand, jointly meet the energy security challenges. This article attempts to make a more comprehensive analysis of the EU’s energy security strategy from the three theoretical paradigms of economic liberalism, geopolitics and institutionalism.