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哮喘病人气道反应性增加的根本机理不明。目前最流行的假说是气道炎症。在遭受初次刺激后,肥大细胞、嗜碱性白细胞及巨噬细胞被激活,释放影响气道平滑肌及微血管的多种介质,从而激发局部的炎症反应。此外,有人认为,介质释放及细胞浸润,可造成波及气道神经末端的上皮损伤和轴突反射的激活。在这种万式下,一种本质上是局部的现象,可扩大波及整个气管支气管树。
The underlying mechanism of increased airway reactivity in asthmatics is unknown. The most popular hypothesis is airway inflammation. Upon initial stimulation, mast cells, basophils and macrophages are activated, releasing a variety of mediators that affect airway smooth muscle and microvascular to stimulate local inflammatory responses. In addition, it is thought that the release of media and cell infiltration may cause epithelial damage and axonal reflex activation that affects the airway nerve terminals. In this way, a phenomenon that is essentially local can extend to the entire tracheobronchial tree.