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目的对中山市居民膳食营养状况进行调查与评价,为营养改善工作提供依据。方法 2015年通过多阶段分层随机抽样方法在中山市5个镇区选取调查对象,制定统一的食物频率调查表对中山市居民每日各种食物进食量进行调查,计算人均食物消费量,对照《中国食物成分表》换算营养素摄入量,参照中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量评价营养摄入状况。结果共调查1 248人,平均各种食物每标准人日摄入量分别为:谷类216.7 g、薯类10.4 g、豆类21.8 g、蔬菜221.0 g、水果153.4 g、畜禽肉类135.0 g、奶类50.5 g、蛋类24.6 g、水产品81.9 g、食用油20.6 g、盐4.9 g,与中国居民膳食指南比较,蔬菜、水果、奶类和蛋类摄入量偏低,与中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量比较,膳食纤维、视黄醇、硫胺素偏低。结论中山市居民存在膳食和营养结构不合理的情况,须采取有效的干预措施引导居民合理膳食。
Objective To investigate and evaluate the nutritional status of residents in Zhongshan City to provide the basis for nutrition improvement. Methods In 2015, stratified random sampling method was used to select the respondents in 5 townships in Zhongshan City. A unified food frequency questionnaire was established to investigate the daily food intake of residents in Zhongshan City, and the per capita food consumption was calculated. The table of “China’s food composition” converted nutrients intake, with reference to Chinese dietary intake of nutrients to assess nutritional intake. Results A total of 1,248 people were surveyed. The average daily intake of various kinds of food was 216.7 g for cereals, 10.4 g for tubers, 21.8 g for pulses, 221.0 g for vegetables, 153.4 g for fruits, 135.0 g for livestock and poultry meat, 50.5 g of milk, 24.6 g of eggs, 81.9 g of aquatic products, 20.6 g of edible oils and 4.9 g of salt. Compared with the dietary guidelines of Chinese residents, the intake of vegetables, fruits, milk and eggs is low, Nutrient reference intake comparison, dietary fiber, retinol, thiamine low. Conclusion The residents of Zhongshan have unreasonable diet and nutrition structure and must take effective interventions to guide residents to reasonable diet.