论文部分内容阅读
归因理论认为寻求理解是行为的基本动因。在学习的过程中，学生们经常探询其成功与失败的原因。美国心理学家Weiner B．认为，学生主要用四种归因来解释学业的成功和失败，即能力、努力、运气和任务难度。它们在三个维度的不同位置上。第一个维度是内部和外部，能力和努力属于内部归因，运气和任务难度属于外部归因；第二个维度是稳定性，能力和任务难度比较稳定，而努力和运气则不稳定；最后一个维度是可控性，能力和运气是不可控制的，而努力是可控制的。归因方式不同学生对自我的认识和控制不同，随后的情感反应也不同。所以，教师应在教学过程中指导学生运用这一理论正确对待成功与失败。
Attribution theory that the pursuit of understanding is the basic motivation of behavior. During the learning process, students often probe into the reasons for their success and failure. American psychologist Weiner B. Think, the student mainly uses four kinds of attribution to explain the academic success and failure, namely ability, hard work, luck and task difficulty. They are in different positions in three dimensions. The first dimension is internal and external. Capabilities and efforts belong to internal attribution, and luck and task difficulty belong to external attribution. The second dimension is stability, capability and task are more stable, while effort and luck are not stable. Finally One dimension is controllability, capacity and luck are uncontrollable, and effort is manageable. Different types of students attributed to self-awareness and control of different emotional response is also different. Therefore, teachers should guide students in the teaching process to use this theory to correctly treat the success and failure.