采用六个小麦品种和五个黑麦品种杂交,采用不完全双列杂交法配制成30个组合。对此材料子粒蛋白质含量的性状进行了遗传变异组成和遗传力等参数的估算,试验表明,子粒蛋白质性状的遗传变异组成中均以加性效应占绝对优势,讨论了亲本的选配和杂交后代的选择等问题。由于蛋白质性状的遗传力较强,在子代中易于表现出来,且易稳定,可在早世代选择。蛋白质是对细胞的所有功能都有重要作用的化合物(Dose 1980年)。因为植物蛋白质是人类和动物的食物,具有特别的重要性(M,KraIjevie—BaIaIic等,1982)。蛋白质不仅是提供生物维持生机的能量来源之一,而且是人和动物生长、繁育的重要的营养成份。蛋白质供应不当,生物不但生长不良,而且还可能引起许多疾病,甚至死亡(1984,孙元枢)。小麦是世界各国人民的主要粮食作物之一,在世界各种粮食作物中,小麦的面积和总产量都占第一位。小麦子粒中蛋白质的含量不仅决定小麦的营养价值,而且和小麦的加工品质有着十分密切的关系(武庸祥,1979)。用增加蛋白质含量的方法来改善谷物类作物的营养品质曾在育种计划中给了相当注意。但把高的子粒产量与增加蛋白质含量结合起来还是育种中一个很大的难题。所以品质育种非常重要。小黑麦是由小麦与黑麦属间杂交后,人工进行染色体加倍而得到的新物种。除了丰产性好,抗病灾力强外,最重要的是子粒蛋白质和赖氨酸含量高而且往往高于双亲。从克山所统计材料看出,小黑麦子粒蛋白质含量比小麦高1.5—4.6％,小黑麦子粒蛋白质含量的差异范围为11.7—22.5％。小麦子粒蛋白质含量的差异范围为8—20％,(GaSic等,1981)。所以在小麦品质育种工作中,远缘杂交起到了重要作用。将为小麦和小黑麦高蛋白育种提供更多的高蛋白亲本材料。所以对本文讨论子粒蛋白质含量的配合力,遗传方式和基因的作用。掌握蛋白质含量的遗传控制知识,可以帮助育种工作者制定有效的育种和选择方案。本文用不完全双列杂交分析法研究了小麦和黑麦杂交蛋白质含量的遗传特点,探索采用遗传育种途径,提高小麦和小黑麦蛋白质含量。 Six wheat cultivars and five rye cultivars were crossed, and 30 combinations were made by incomplete double-line hybridization. The genetic variations and heritability of the grain protein content of the material were evaluated. The results showed that additive effects were dominant in the genetic variation of the grain protein trait, and the selection of the parents and the hybrid progenies The choice and other issues. Due to the strong heritability of protein traits, it is easy to show in offspring and is easy to be stable, which can be selected in the early generation. Proteins are compounds that have an important effect on all cellular functions (Dose 1980). Because plant proteins are food for humans and animals, it is of particular importance (M, KraIjevie-BaIaIic et al., 1982). Proteins are not only one of the energy sources that provide a viable biological life, but also an important nutrient for the growth and reproduction of humans and animals. Improper supply of protein, not only poor growth of living things, but also may cause many diseases, and even death (1984, Sun Yuan-Shu). Wheat is one of the major food crops for people of all countries in the world. In all the world’s food crops, wheat occupies the largest area and total output. The protein content of wheat grains not only determines the nutritional value of wheat, but also has a very close relationship with the processing quality of wheat (Wu Yongxiang, 1979). Improving the nutritional quality of cereal crops with increased protein content has given considerable attention in breeding programs. But combining high grain yield with increased protein content is a big problem in breeding. So quality breeding is very important. Triticale is a new species obtained by artificial chromosome doubling after crossbreeding between wheat and rye. In addition to high yield, strong disease resistance, the most important is that the grain protein and lysine content is high and often higher than the parents. According to statistics from Keshan, the protein content of triticale grains is 1.5-4.6% higher than that of wheat, and the content of triticale protein content is 11.7-22.5%. Wheat grain protein content ranged from 8-20% (GaSic et al., 1981). So in wheat quality breeding work, distant hybridization has played an important role. Will provide more high-protein parent material for high protein breeding of wheat and triticale. So this article discusses the combining ability of the grain protein content, the mode of inheritance and the role of genes. Mastering the genetic control of protein content can help breeders work out effective breeding and selection options. In this paper, incomplete diallel cross analysis was used to study the genetic characteristics of the hybrid protein content of wheat and rye, and to explore the use of genetic breeding methods to improve the protein content of wheat and triticale.