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目的掌握沈阳市细菌性痢疾发病强度和流行特征,为制定防治规划和评价实施效果提供准确依据。方法利用描述流行病学方法分析该市细菌性痢疾疫情资料。结果沈阳市2004—2012年细菌性痢疾年均报告发病率为44.83/10万,年均报告死亡率为0.01/10万,各年度报告发病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);男性年均报告发病率为50.59/10万,女性年均报告发病率为38.94/10万,男性年均报告发病率和女性年均报告发病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。散居儿童、家务及待业、学生报告发病数分别占全部报告发病数的27.77%、16.65%、16.41%;3岁以下年龄组占23.11%;6—9月报告发病数占全年报告发病数的68.62%,其中7—8月报告发病数占全年报告发病数的43.40%。结论沈阳市2004—2012年细菌性痢疾呈婴幼儿高发,职业高峰明显;以夏秋季特别是夏季发病为主。应加强卫生宣传和健康教育工作,强化食品安全和饮水卫生监管,搞好环境卫生整治,切断细菌性痢疾的传播途径;做好暴发疫情的应急处理,有效控制疫情蔓延。
Objective To grasp the intensity and epidemic characteristics of bacillary dysentery in Shenyang City and provide an accurate basis for formulating prevention and control plan and evaluating the implementation effect. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemiological data of the bacillary dysentery in the city. Results The annual incidence of bacillary dysentery in Shenyang was 44.83 / 100 000 between 2004 and 2012, with an annual average of 0.01 / 100 000 deaths. The incidence rates of each year were statistically significant (P <0.01) The reported incidence was 50.59 / 100000, the average annual reported incidence of women was 38.94 / 100000, the average incidence of male reported and female reported the average annual incidence of difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). Scattered children, housework and unemployed, the number of reported student reports respectively accounted for 27.77%, 16.65% and 16.41% of the total number of reported cases; the age group under 3 years old accounted for 23.11%; the number of reported cases in June and September accounted for the number of reported cases in the whole year 68.62%, of which the number of reported incidence in July-August accounted for 43.40% of the number reported in the annual report. Conclusions Bacillary dysentery was the most frequent infants and young children in Shenyang from 2004 to 2012, with a clear peak in occupational diseases. The main symptoms were summer and autumn, especially summer. Health publicity and health education should be strengthened, food safety and water sanitation supervision should be strengthened, environmental sanitation regulation should be improved, and the transmission of bacterial dysentery should be cut off. Emergency outbreaks should be handled in an effective manner to control the epidemic.