脑膜疾病包括流行性脑膜炎(简称流脑,下同。)和脑膜双球菌菌血症是一种地方性疾病,可流行,但流行间歇期不规则,每次流行可历时3—5年。在非洲有流脑“流行带”(或称地带与区),其中有埃及撒哈拉南部地区和赤道北部地区。在这些地区流脑一般呈地方性状态而进入旱季则呈流行形势,历年如此。但据报导,在其它地区,近年来,流脑亦有局限性爆发流行,它反映出流脑的流行范围正在逐步扩大,有必要加强流脑的监测。不同地区的流脑发病率和死亡率都是不同的。在温带地区一些国家在流脑的非流行年,流脑的发病率常在十万分之一至十万分之三之间,呈地方性状态,但在热带地区如西部非洲的“流行地带”在流脑的非流行年,其发病率约为十万分之十,也是呈地方 Meningococcal diseases including meningitis (referred to as meningitis, the same below) and meningococcal bacteremia is a endemic disease, but the prevalence of intermittent irregular, each epidemic can last 3-5 years. In Africa, there are “epidemic zones” (or zones and zones) of meningitis, including the southern Sahara of Egypt and the northern equator. In these areas, meningitis is generally endemic and entering the dry season is prevalent, for many years. However, it has been reported that in other areas, the meningitis has also had a limited outbreak of epidemics in recent years. This reflects that the epidemic of meningitis is gradually expanding and it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of the meningitis. The morbidity and mortality of meningitis in different regions are different. In some countries in the temperate zone during the non-epidemic year of meningitis, the incidence of meningitis often ranges from one in 100,000 to 3 in 100,000 and is endemic. However, in tropical regions such as the “endemic belt of western Africa ”In the non-epidemic meningitis, its incidence is about ten hundred thousandths, is also a place