中国和日本有着长达两千多年的交往历史。明治维新以前，日本一直把中国作为学习的榜样，甚至连日本人也承认：“追溯源流，说中国是古代日本文化的良父......这种说法并不过分”①。而中国人也以自己的文明历史自居，称日本为“蕞尔小国”、“东夷”。但是，进人近代以来，中国在第 China and Japan have a history of more than 2,000 years of exchanges. Before the Meiji Restoration, Japan had always regarded China as an example of learning. Even the Japanese admitted that: “Tracing the origins and saying that China is a good father of ancient Japanese culture ... is not excessive.” The Chinese, on the other hand, have their own history of civilization, claiming that Japan is “a small country” and “Dongyi”. However, since entering the modern era, China is in the first place