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实际上,非晶物质很早就被人们所认识,而且大量的在我们周围存在着。例如玻璃是一种典型的非晶物质材料。然而有用的非晶金属及合金、半导体材料并非很早就被人们所熟悉。以前认为金属就是晶体,金属不存在非晶型。但后来的很多研究结果表明,金属确实存在非晶结构。最初出现非晶型金属方面的文献大约是在1950年。人们在X射线衍射研究中发现,在极低的温度下蒸镀的金属及在电解液中电镀的薄膜并非具有晶体结构。到了1960年,非晶金属方面的研究工作有了较大的进展,例如美国的P.Duwez等人发现Au-Si合金熔
In fact, amorphous matter has long been known to people, and a great deal of presence is around us. For example, glass is a typical amorphous material. However useful amorphous metals and alloys, semiconductor materials are not well known to people. Metals were previously considered to be crystalline, non-existent amorphous metal. However, many later studies show that the metal does exist amorphous structure. The initial literature on amorphous metals was around 1950. In X-ray diffraction studies, it was found that metals evaporated at very low temperatures and films electroplated in electrolytes do not have a crystalline structure. By 1960, great progress has been made in the research work on amorphous metals. For example, P. Duwez et al. Found that Au-Si alloy melts