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铁道客车高速化和轻量化导致车体产生了严重的垂向弹性振动。为了研究弹性振动的减振方法,在将车体考虑成两端自由等截面欧拉梁的基础上,建立了铁道客车刚柔耦合垂向动力学简化模型。计算了系统各部件的固有模态,并确定了车体弹性振动的计算阶数。进行车体弹性振动幅频特性分析,给出了车辆系统悬挂参数和车体结构参数对弹性振动的影响。提出采用粘弹性约束阻尼层来减小车体的弹性振动。仿真结果表明:弹性车体模型的振动大于刚性车体;车体一阶弯曲振动对弹性振动的贡献最大;为了减小车体的弹性振动,车体垂向弯曲自振频率应该足够大于2倍构架浮沉自振频率,但应小于构架结构振动自振频率。应采用适当的一系、二系垂向阻尼和提高车体结构阻尼来衰减车体弹性振动。约束阻尼处理能够提高车体结构的损耗因子,可以明显地衰减车体弹性振动。
The high speed and light weight of railway passenger cars have led to serious vertical elastic vibration of the car body. In order to study the method of vibration damping of flexible vibration, a simplified model of rigid-flexible coupled vertical dynamics of railway passenger cars is established based on considering the vehicle body as a free-end cross-section Euler beam at both ends. The inherent modal of each component of the system is calculated, and the calculation order of the elastic vibration of the vehicle body is determined. The amplitude-frequency characteristics of the vehicle body’s elastic vibration are analyzed. The influence of vehicle’s system suspension parameters and body structure parameters on the elastic vibration is given. The viscoelastic constrained damping layer is proposed to reduce the elastic vibration of vehicle body. The simulation results show that the vibration of elastic car body model is larger than that of rigid car body. The first-order bending vibration of car body contributes most to elastic vibration. In order to reduce the elastic vibration of car body, the natural bending frequency of car body should be more than 2 times The frequency of self-vibration of the structure is less than the natural frequency of vibration of the structure. Should be appropriate to a series of two series of vertical damping and improve the damping of the body structure to attenuate the body elastic vibration. Constrained damping treatment can increase the loss factor of the body structure, which can obviously attenuate the elastic vibration of the vehicle body.