一、“古”派与保王派评论从严格的意义上说,在雨果生前或其文学生涯前期,对其文学的研究(批评)还只是一些围绕文学创作应该遵循什么样的标准而展开的,也就是说,是十七世纪末十八世纪初那场文学“古今之争”(querelle entre les anciens et les modernes)的延续。在那场以古典主义文学理论家布瓦洛(Nicolas Boileau)的“古派”和以作家夏尔·贝洛(Charles Perrault)为首的“今派”之间 In ancient times, before Hugo or his early literary career, the study of his literature (criticism) is only some of the standards that should be followed in literary creation The expansion, that is, the continuation of the literature “querelle entre les anciens et les modernes” in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. Between the “Ancient School” by Nicolas Boileau, a classical literary theorist and the “Modern School” headed by the writer Charles Perrault,