柏拉图的《理想国》也许是关于国家正义(the justice of the state)这一话题最为著名的讨论。有趣的是,我们得提醒自己,柏拉图的最终目的是想弄清楚一个正义的人是怎样的,他是想把正义解释为一种个人的美德。然而今天,“正义”总是主要被当作政治社会,或国家的一种美德。而个人的正义美德常常被忽略,并且,柏拉图关于两者之间存在明显相似性的假设也随之被忽略。对国家正义和个人正义之间联系的这种割裂,不仅仅是柏拉图本人对正义 Plato’s “ideal nation” may be the most famous discussion of the topic of the justice of the state. Interestingly, we have to remind ourselves that Plato’s ultimate goal is to figure out what a just person is and he wants to interpret just as a personal virtue. Today, however, “justice” is always primarily regarded as a political society, or as a national virtue. The individual’s virtues of justice are often overlooked and Plato’s assumptions about the apparent similarity between the two are ignored. This fragmentation of the link between state and personal justice is more than just Plato’s own justification