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九一八事变后,国民政府进行了政制改革,实行了责任内阁制,限制国民政府主席的个人权力,加强党权。很快,因孙科政局危机,蒋介石重新上台,与汪精卫达成了权力分配,实行军政分立。1935年底汪精卫遇刺后,蒋兼任行政院长,蒋介石的个人权威确立,标志着集权政治正式形成。蒋个人权威的形成有其制度空间,主要是处理危局的政治需求、行政系统的非完整、国民党中央党部权威的缺失、制衡个人权力膨胀的制度空缺。这种基于个人权威的集权政治尽管有利于应付危局,提高行政效率,但阻碍了制度权威的建立,不利于民主政治的成长与政党政治的真正实现,一定程度上决定了国民党在大陆的命运。
After the September 18th Incident, the Kuomintang government conducted a constitutional reform, implemented a cabinet system of responsibility, restricted the personal power of the chairman of the National Government and strengthened party power. Soon, due to the crisis of Sun Branch Political Bureau, Chiang Kai-shek returned to power and reached a distribution of power with Wang Jingwei and the separation of military administration from administration. After the assassination of Wang Ching-wei in late 1935, Jiang became concurrently the chief executive and Chiang Kai-shek’s personal authority was established, marking the formal formation of totalitarian politics. The formation of Chiang’s personal authority has its own institutional space, mainly dealing with the political needs of the crisis, the incompleteness of the administrative system, the absence of the authority of the Central Party Department of the Kuomintang, and the institutional vacancies that counterbalance the expansion of personal power. Although this type of authoritarian authoritarian political power helps to cope with the crisis and improve administrative efficiency, it hinders the establishment of institutional authority, is not conducive to the growth of democratic politics and the true realization of party politics, and to some extent determines the fate of the Kuomintang on the mainland.