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采用水蒸气蒸馏法分别提取紫苏叶和茎中精油,运用毛细管气相色谱-质谱联用法分析化学成分,测定精油成分的相对质量分数,分析季节性变化和干燥方式对紫苏叶和茎精油主要成分含量变化的影响。分析结果表明,各阶段紫苏叶精油含量明显高于紫苏茎精油含量,紫苏叶和茎精油含量分别在7月和8月达到最高,即0.94mL/100g和0.38mL/100g。紫苏醛和石竹烯是紫苏叶和茎精油中主要的成分,分别占75%和50%以上。紫苏醛最高含量可达0.68mL/100g,石竹烯可达0.15mL/100g。冷冻干燥和自然干燥条件下紫苏精油得率分别达0.95mL/100g和0.85mL/100g。两种干燥方式均可有效保持香气成分。
The essential oil from leaves and stems of Perilla frutescens was extracted by steam distillation. The chemical constituents were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The relative mass fractions of essential oil were determined. The effects of seasonal changes and drying methods on the main essential oil The impact of changes in the content of ingredients. The results showed that the essential oil content of Perilla frutescens leaves in each stage was significantly higher than that of Perilla frutescens stem leaves. The contents of essential oil of Perilla frutescens leaves and stems reached the highest in July and August, ie 0.94mL / 100g and 0.38mL / 100g, respectively. Perillaldehyde and caryophyllene are the main components in the essential oil of Perilla frutescens leaves and stems, accounting for 75% and 50% respectively. Perillaldehyde up to 0.68mL / 100g, Caryophyllene up to 0.15mL / 100g. The yields of perilla oil under freeze-drying and natural drying conditions were 0.95mL / 100g and 0.85mL / 100g, respectively. Two kinds of drying methods can effectively maintain the aroma composition.