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一、词汇过关
1. atmosphere
【考纲释义】 n. 大气层;气氛
Nearly every planet — and some of the moons — has an atmosphere. 几乎每一个行星——以及部分卫星——都有一个大气层。
The exciting atmosphere of the football match held my breath. 足球比赛的紧张气氛让我大气不敢出。
2. harmful
【考纲释义】 adj. 有害的
The factory discharges harmful gases into the atmosphere. 那家工厂将有害气体排放到大气中。
Freezing winter is harmful to orange trees.冰冻天气对桔子树是有害的。
【知识拓展】 harmlessadj. 无害的 be harmful to对……有害do harm to对……有害mean no harm没有恶意
3. exist
【考纲释义】 vt. 存在;生存
We cannot exist without air. 没有空气,我们就不能生存。
Matter generally exists in three states: gas, liquid and solid.物质通常有三态:气态,液态,固态。
They cannot exist on such a small income. 靠这点收入他们不能够生活。
【知识拓展】 exist on 靠……生存live on靠……为生
4. puzzle
【考纲释义】 n. 谜;难题vt. & vi. (使)迷惑; (使)为难
How he was successful is still a puzzle. 他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。
I am not at home this year and I won’t puzzle them. 今年我不在家,也不为难他们了。
It’s really tough for me to write something about myself, which also makes me puzzle. 让我写点关于自己这让我十分为难,甚至让我陷入了无尽的沉思。
【知识拓展】 puzzledadj. 迷惑的 puzzling adj. 令人迷惑的puzzle out 经过苦思想出;猜出
5. climate
【考纲释义】 n. 气候
Climate change is the biggest threat to nature and humanity in the 21st century. 气候变化是21世纪人类和自然界面临的最大威胁。
I hope you will recover soon under this healthful climate. 我希望在这种有益健康的气候下你会很快地康复起来。
【辨析】 climate与weather
Climate指某地的平均气候或经常性的气候; weather指某地一时的天气,如寒暖、晴雨和干湿的变化情况。
6. thus
【考纲释义】 adv. 因此;于是
He forgot to turn on the radio and thus missed the program. 他忘了打开收音机, 因此错过了那个节目。
Thus — the day flows away through the sink when I wash my hands, wears off in the bowl when I eat my meal. 于是——洗手的时候,日子从水盆里溜走,吃饭的时候,日子从饭碗里溜走。
二、短语诠释
1. in time及时;终于
Without your help, we would not be able to finish the work in time. 要是没有你的帮助,我就不可能及时地完成工作。
He should have survived if the victim had been sent to the hospital in time. 如果遇难者被及时送往医院的话,他本来会有机会活下来的。
【知识拓展】 in no time立即,立刻at any time 在任何时候 at one time曾经,一度 at times 有时,偶尔 on time按时,准时 of the time现在的,当时的
2. prevent … from阻止;制止
The heavy rain prevented us going on, but we didn’t lose heart. 大雨阻止我们前进,但是我们不灰心丧气。
Ways must be found to prevent the poisonous gases from polluting the air.一定要找到办法防止有毒气体污染空气。
【知识拓展】与这种结构相似的有stop sb. / sth.(from) doing sth.(from可以省略) 和keep sb. / sth.from doing sth. (from不可以省略)。
3. cheer up感到高兴;感到振奋
Every one of us cheered up at the news that the experiment had proved a complete success. 一听到实验完全成功的消息,我们大家都高兴起来。
When I’m feeling sad my mother tells me funny stories to cheer me up. 当我感到忧伤时,我的母亲就给我讲有趣的故事使我高兴起来。
4. now that 既然;因为
You ought to have a good rest now that you’ve finished the work.既然你已经完成了工作,就应该好好休息一下。
Now that you want to improve oral English, do you speak English every day? 既然你想提高英语口语水平,你做到每天说英语了吗?
【知识拓展】 because 多用于表示直接原因,是对方不知道的原因,用于回答why的问题;as在口语中常用来代替because,表示说话双方都知道的原因; since, now that, seeing that 表示原因就摆在双方面前,大家都很清楚,常常译为“既然”;for可以表示原因又可以用于提出说明,语气比上述单词轻得多。for引导的句子只能放在后面。
5. break out 突发;爆发
It was almost midnight that a fire broke out in the neighborhood.昨天快半夜了这附近发生了火灾。
If another world war should break out, what would become of human beings? 万一再一次爆发世界大战,人类将会发生什么事?
【知识拓展】 break away from 脱离 break down 损坏; (把化合物等)分解,(汽车)抛锚 break off 打断;折断break up 分解;分裂
三、句式详解
1. What it was to become was a mystery until the dust began to slowly combine into a ball moving around the sun.它注定会变成什么是一个谜,直到那尘埃开始慢慢地结合成为一个绕太阳旋转的球。
句中的be to do sth为“be + 动词不定式”结构,常见用法如下:
1) 表示按计划或安排要做的事,意为“将要……”。例如:
The Prime Minister is to visit Budapest.首相将访问布达佩斯。
Their daughter is to be married soon. 他们的女儿很快就要结婚了。
2) 表示指示、要求或命令,意为“应当,必须”。
No one is to leave this building. 谁也不得离开这栋楼房。
You’re to be back by 10 o’clock. 你必须十点以前回来。
3) 表示“可能性”,相当于can或may。例如:
You are not to smoke in this room. 你不可以在这房间里抽烟。
Many new buildings are to be seen in the streets of the city. 在这座城市街道上能看到许多新建的大楼。
moving around the sun为现在分词作定语,修饰ball。现在分词作定语,通常相当于一个定语从句。表示被修饰名词是用来做什么的,单个现在分词常置于被修饰词之前,现在分词短语置于被修饰词之后。如:
a swimming pool游泳池an approaching train正在逼近的火车
Do you know the man standing at the entrance (= who is standing at the entrance)? 你认识站在门口的那个人吗?
2. The problem was that the earth became violent because it was not clear whether the solid shape was to last or not.地球变得猛烈起来,因为不清楚该固体是否会持续下去。
句中that引导的是表语从句,that引导表语从句时,本身无意义,通常不省略。例如:
My idea is that we should help her do housework every Sunday. 我的想法是:每个星期日我们应该帮助她干些家务。
be (not) clear whether…意为“(不)清楚是否……”。后可跟宾语从句。例如:
It is not clear to me whether she likes the present. 我不清楚她是否喜欢这个礼物。
It is clear that they’re doing their best. 显然他们正在尽力干。
3. But when I tried to step forward I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.然而,当我试图向前行进时,我发现我被携带到二倍于在地球所携带的距离处,我跌倒了。
twice as far as意为“两倍于……远”。英语中倍数的表达方法一般有:1) 倍数 + 形容词 / 副词比较级 + than;2)倍数 + as + 形容词 / 副词 / (名词) + as;3) 倍数 + the +计量名词 + of。例如:
Sound travels nearly five times as fast in water as in air. 声音在水中的传播速度差不多是声音在空气中传播速度的5倍。
This room is three times larger than that one. 这个房间比那个房间大两倍。
This book is three times the length of that one. 这本书的篇幅是那本书的3倍。
1. atmosphere
【考纲释义】 n. 大气层;气氛
Nearly every planet — and some of the moons — has an atmosphere. 几乎每一个行星——以及部分卫星——都有一个大气层。
The exciting atmosphere of the football match held my breath. 足球比赛的紧张气氛让我大气不敢出。
2. harmful
【考纲释义】 adj. 有害的
The factory discharges harmful gases into the atmosphere. 那家工厂将有害气体排放到大气中。
Freezing winter is harmful to orange trees.冰冻天气对桔子树是有害的。
【知识拓展】 harmlessadj. 无害的 be harmful to对……有害do harm to对……有害mean no harm没有恶意
3. exist
【考纲释义】 vt. 存在;生存
We cannot exist without air. 没有空气,我们就不能生存。
Matter generally exists in three states: gas, liquid and solid.物质通常有三态:气态,液态,固态。
They cannot exist on such a small income. 靠这点收入他们不能够生活。
【知识拓展】 exist on 靠……生存live on靠……为生
4. puzzle
【考纲释义】 n. 谜;难题vt. & vi. (使)迷惑; (使)为难
How he was successful is still a puzzle. 他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。
I am not at home this year and I won’t puzzle them. 今年我不在家,也不为难他们了。
It’s really tough for me to write something about myself, which also makes me puzzle. 让我写点关于自己这让我十分为难,甚至让我陷入了无尽的沉思。
【知识拓展】 puzzledadj. 迷惑的 puzzling adj. 令人迷惑的puzzle out 经过苦思想出;猜出
5. climate
【考纲释义】 n. 气候
Climate change is the biggest threat to nature and humanity in the 21st century. 气候变化是21世纪人类和自然界面临的最大威胁。
I hope you will recover soon under this healthful climate. 我希望在这种有益健康的气候下你会很快地康复起来。
【辨析】 climate与weather
Climate指某地的平均气候或经常性的气候; weather指某地一时的天气,如寒暖、晴雨和干湿的变化情况。
6. thus
【考纲释义】 adv. 因此;于是
He forgot to turn on the radio and thus missed the program. 他忘了打开收音机, 因此错过了那个节目。
Thus — the day flows away through the sink when I wash my hands, wears off in the bowl when I eat my meal. 于是——洗手的时候,日子从水盆里溜走,吃饭的时候,日子从饭碗里溜走。
二、短语诠释
1. in time及时;终于
Without your help, we would not be able to finish the work in time. 要是没有你的帮助,我就不可能及时地完成工作。
He should have survived if the victim had been sent to the hospital in time. 如果遇难者被及时送往医院的话,他本来会有机会活下来的。
【知识拓展】 in no time立即,立刻at any time 在任何时候 at one time曾经,一度 at times 有时,偶尔 on time按时,准时 of the time现在的,当时的
2. prevent … from阻止;制止
The heavy rain prevented us going on, but we didn’t lose heart. 大雨阻止我们前进,但是我们不灰心丧气。
Ways must be found to prevent the poisonous gases from polluting the air.一定要找到办法防止有毒气体污染空气。
【知识拓展】与这种结构相似的有stop sb. / sth.(from) doing sth.(from可以省略) 和keep sb. / sth.from doing sth. (from不可以省略)。
3. cheer up感到高兴;感到振奋
Every one of us cheered up at the news that the experiment had proved a complete success. 一听到实验完全成功的消息,我们大家都高兴起来。
When I’m feeling sad my mother tells me funny stories to cheer me up. 当我感到忧伤时,我的母亲就给我讲有趣的故事使我高兴起来。
4. now that 既然;因为
You ought to have a good rest now that you’ve finished the work.既然你已经完成了工作,就应该好好休息一下。
Now that you want to improve oral English, do you speak English every day? 既然你想提高英语口语水平,你做到每天说英语了吗?
【知识拓展】 because 多用于表示直接原因,是对方不知道的原因,用于回答why的问题;as在口语中常用来代替because,表示说话双方都知道的原因; since, now that, seeing that 表示原因就摆在双方面前,大家都很清楚,常常译为“既然”;for可以表示原因又可以用于提出说明,语气比上述单词轻得多。for引导的句子只能放在后面。
5. break out 突发;爆发
It was almost midnight that a fire broke out in the neighborhood.昨天快半夜了这附近发生了火灾。
If another world war should break out, what would become of human beings? 万一再一次爆发世界大战,人类将会发生什么事?
【知识拓展】 break away from 脱离 break down 损坏; (把化合物等)分解,(汽车)抛锚 break off 打断;折断break up 分解;分裂
三、句式详解
1. What it was to become was a mystery until the dust began to slowly combine into a ball moving around the sun.它注定会变成什么是一个谜,直到那尘埃开始慢慢地结合成为一个绕太阳旋转的球。
句中的be to do sth为“be + 动词不定式”结构,常见用法如下:
1) 表示按计划或安排要做的事,意为“将要……”。例如:
The Prime Minister is to visit Budapest.首相将访问布达佩斯。
Their daughter is to be married soon. 他们的女儿很快就要结婚了。
2) 表示指示、要求或命令,意为“应当,必须”。
No one is to leave this building. 谁也不得离开这栋楼房。
You’re to be back by 10 o’clock. 你必须十点以前回来。
3) 表示“可能性”,相当于can或may。例如:
You are not to smoke in this room. 你不可以在这房间里抽烟。
Many new buildings are to be seen in the streets of the city. 在这座城市街道上能看到许多新建的大楼。
moving around the sun为现在分词作定语,修饰ball。现在分词作定语,通常相当于一个定语从句。表示被修饰名词是用来做什么的,单个现在分词常置于被修饰词之前,现在分词短语置于被修饰词之后。如:
a swimming pool游泳池an approaching train正在逼近的火车
Do you know the man standing at the entrance (= who is standing at the entrance)? 你认识站在门口的那个人吗?
2. The problem was that the earth became violent because it was not clear whether the solid shape was to last or not.地球变得猛烈起来,因为不清楚该固体是否会持续下去。
句中that引导的是表语从句,that引导表语从句时,本身无意义,通常不省略。例如:
My idea is that we should help her do housework every Sunday. 我的想法是:每个星期日我们应该帮助她干些家务。
be (not) clear whether…意为“(不)清楚是否……”。后可跟宾语从句。例如:
It is not clear to me whether she likes the present. 我不清楚她是否喜欢这个礼物。
It is clear that they’re doing their best. 显然他们正在尽力干。
3. But when I tried to step forward I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.然而,当我试图向前行进时,我发现我被携带到二倍于在地球所携带的距离处,我跌倒了。
twice as far as意为“两倍于……远”。英语中倍数的表达方法一般有:1) 倍数 + 形容词 / 副词比较级 + than;2)倍数 + as + 形容词 / 副词 / (名词) + as;3) 倍数 + the +计量名词 + of。例如:
Sound travels nearly five times as fast in water as in air. 声音在水中的传播速度差不多是声音在空气中传播速度的5倍。
This room is three times larger than that one. 这个房间比那个房间大两倍。
This book is three times the length of that one. 这本书的篇幅是那本书的3倍。