一.引言采用复制法制造光学零件是美国在六十年代中研制成功的新工艺,七十年代初得到推广应用。这种新工艺不但可经济地成批大量生产用普通光学加工方法很难加工的高精度非球面光学零件,而且能经济地生产普通光学加工方法无法加工的光学多面体、直角棱柱体(即直角棱镜)和其它特殊结构的光学零件。从光学设计的观点来看,在光学系统中,一个非球面光学零件能代替二个或更多个球面光学零件。这是因为单个球面透镜成象时有象差和色差,影响成象质量。为了校正这些成象 I. Introduction The manufacture of optical components by the replication method is a new process successfully developed by the United States in the 1960s and was promoted in the early 1970s. This new process not only makes it possible to economically mass produce high-precision aspheric optical components that are difficult to machine with conventional optical processing methods but also economically produce optical polyhedrons that can not be processed by conventional optical processing methods, right angle prisms ) And other special structure of optical components. From the optical design point of view, in an optical system, one aspherical optical component can replace two or more spherical optical components. This is because a single spherical lens image aberration and chromatic aberration, affecting the quality of the image. In order to correct these images