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在原子反应过程中,慢中子与铀235的原子核相碰,可形成“链式反应”.而链式反应中释放的中子速度很大,不易被铀235所浮获,需对其减速,使快中子跟减速剂的原子核碰撞后能量减少,变成慢中子.常用石墨、重水或普通水为减速剂,而不用重原子核.下面从弹性碰撞角度就此问题加以讨论.用 m_1表示中子质量,m_2表示某原子核质量,v_(10)和 v_1表示中子碰撞前后的速度.v_(20)、v_2表示某原子核碰撞前后的速度.当中子与静止的原子核发生对心的完全弹性碰撞时,系
In the course of an atomic reaction, slow neutrons collide with the nucleus of uranium 235, forming a “chain reaction.” The neutrons released in the chain reaction are very fast and cannot be easily captured by uranium 235. The deceleration causes the energy of the fast neutron to collide with the atomic nuclei of the decelerator to decrease and become slow neutrons. Commonly used graphite, heavy water or ordinary water is used as a speed reducer without heavy nuclei. The following discussion is from the perspective of elastic collision. M_1 represents the mass of the neutron, m_2 represents the mass of a certain nuclei, v_(10) and v_1 represent the velocity before and after the neutron collision. v_(20), v_2 represents the velocity before and after a collision of an atomic nuclei. The neutrons are concentric with the stationary nuclei. When completely elastically collided,