学生对科学现象的直观认识在他们接受正规的科学课程学习之前就已经存在了,并在这些认识的基础上形成了他们自己的思维体系。这种在学生系统地学习科学知识之前所具有的想法被人们称之为“前概念”。需要指出的是,这里所指的“概念”和心理学中的一般狭义理解不同,它是指关于某一对象的观点或看法。比如“地球绕着太阳转”便是一个概念。这些前概念中,有些与科学的概念有相通之处,但是更多的则是与科学的概念相悖的,因此前概念又常常被称为“错误概念”或者 Students’ intuitive knowledge of scientific phenomena existed before they were formally taught in science and, based on these insights, formed their own systems of thinking. This idea before students systematically study scientific knowledge is called “preconceptions.” It should be noted that the “concept” referred to here is different from the general narrow understanding of psychology in that it refers to an opinion or view about an object. For example, “Earth around the sun” is a concept. Some of these preconceptions are related to the notion of science, but more often to the scientific concept, so the former is often referred to as the “wrong concept” or