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一、合理制定物资价格的重要性从再生产的角度看,马克思曾明确指出,任何社会生产,实质上是再生产过程。社会生产和再生产都必须使生产三要素有机地结合才有可能(这就是劳动本身、劳动手段和劳动对象,后二者统称为生产资料)。其中,生产资料的合理配置则有决定性意义。马克思曾指出:“要想得到和各种不同需要量相适应的产品量,就要付出各种不同的和一定数量的社会总劳动量。这种按一定比例分配社会劳动的必要性,决不可能被社会生产的一定形式所取消,而可能改变的只是它的表现形式,这是不言而喻的。”又说:“在分配是产品的分配之前,它是(1)生产工具的分配;(2)社会成员在各类生产之间的分配,……这种分配包含在生产过程本身中并且决定生产的结构,产品的分配显然只是这种分配的结果”。马克思在这里讲得非常清楚,要想生产和再生产,就必须事先合理分配生产资料,生产资料的合理配置,不仅决定着生产的结果,而且决定着社会生产能否顺利进行。显然,生产资料的分配决定着生产和产品的分配。
I. The Importance of Reasonably Setting the Price of Materials From the perspective of reproduction, Marx made it clear that any social production is essentially a reproduction process. Both social production and reproduction must make it possible to organically combine the three elements of production (this is the work itself, the means of labor and the objects of labor, the latter two collectively referred to as means of production). Among them, the rational allocation of means of production is of decisive significance. Marx once pointed out: “If we want to get the quantity of products that suits different needs, we must pay a great deal of different and certain amounts of total social labor, and it is impossible to allocate social labor according to a certain proportion It is self-evident that it is abolished by a certain form of social production and may only change its manifestation, ”adding:“ Distribution is the distribution of productive instruments before it is distributed; (2) the distribution of members of society among the various types of production, ... the distribution is contained in the production process itself and determines the structure of production, and the distribution of products is apparently just the result of such distribution. ” Marx made it very clear here that in order to produce and reproduce, it is necessary to rationally allocate the means of production in advance and to allocate the means of production in a rational manner, not only to determine the outcome of the production but also to determine whether social production can proceed smoothly. Obviously, the distribution of means of production determines the distribution of production and product.