一、关贸总协定介绍关税和贸易总协定(General Agreementon Tariffs and Trade—GATT)(以下简称关贸总协定)是一项多边国际条约,它是管理国际贸易的唯一条约。二战后,美国为清除其商品的出口障碍,竭力主张贸易自由化,倡导建立国际贸易组织。二战刚一结束,美国就向联合国经济社会理事会提议召开世界贸易和就业会议并建立国际贸易组织。1946年2月,联合国经社理事会接受建议,成立了筹备委员会。同年10月,在伦敦召开了第一次筹委会,讨论美国提出的国际贸易组织宪章草案,并决定成立起草委员会对草案进行修改。1947年4月,在日内瓦召开的第二次筹委会上通过了宪章草案。同年10月,在哈瓦那举行的联合国贸易和就业会议上,审议并通过了国际贸易组织宪章,即“《哈瓦那国际贸易组织大宪章》”,送由各国政府批准。后因美国等一些国家的立法机构认为这个宪章与其国内立法存在差 I. Introduction to GATT The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade-GATT (GATT) is a multilateral international treaty. It is the only treaty governing international trade. After World War II, the United States tried hard to advocate trade liberalization and advocated the establishment of an international trade organization in order to clear its export barriers. As soon as the end of World War II, the United States proposed to the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations to convene the World Trade and Employment Conference and establish an international trade organization. In February 1946, the UN Economic and Social Council accepted the proposal to set up a preparatory committee. In October the same year, the first Preparatory Committee was convened in London to discuss the draft charter of the United States proposed by the International Trade Organization and a drafting committee was drafted to revise the draft. In April 1947, the draft constitution was adopted at the second Preparatory Committee held in Geneva. In October the same year, at the United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment held in Havana, the Charter of the World Trade Organization was reviewed and approved, namely the “Charter of the Havana International Trade Organization,” for its consideration and approval by all governments. Later, the legislature in some countries, such as the United States, considered this charter as poor as its domestic legislation