Virtual reality (VR) environment can provide immersive experience to viewers. Under the VR environment, providing a good quality of experience is extremely important. Therefore, in this paper, we present an image quality assessment (IQA) study on omnidirec-tional images. We first build an omnidirectional IQA (OIQA) database, including 16 source images with their corresponding 320 distorted images. We add four commonly encountered distortions. These distortions are JPEG compression, JPEG2000 compression, Gaussian blur, and Gaussian noise. Then we conduct a subjective quality evaluation study in the VR environment based on the OIQA database. Considering that visual attention is more impor-tant in VR environment, head and eye movement data are also tracked and collected dur-ing the quality rating experiments. The 16 raw and their corresponding distorted images, subjective quality assessment scores, and the head-orientation data and eye-gaze data to-gether constitute the OIQA database. Based on the OIQA database, we test some state-of-the-art full-reference IQA (FR-IQA) measures on equirectangular format or cubic format omnidirectional images. The results show that applying FR-IQA metrics on cubic format omnidirectional images could improve their performance. The performance of some FR-IQA metrics combining the saliency weight of three different types are also tested based on our database. Some new phenomena different from traditional IQA are observed.