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黑龙江以南沿江地区主要分布着达斡尔、鄂温克、鄂伦春、赫哲等民族。达斡尔族主要聚居于北依兴安岭的今莫力达瓦达斡尔族自治旗,富庶的嫩江左畔地区是其最集中居住的地方。鄂温克族聚居于地属大兴安岭支脉的今鄂温克族自治旗,境内有海拉尔河、伊敏河、辉河、锡尼河、维讷河等10条较大的河流和600多个大小不等的湖泊和清泉。鄂伦春族主要聚居于大小兴安岭林区,大致在今内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔盟的鄂伦春族自治旗、布特哈旗、莫力达瓦达斡尔族自治旗以及黑龙江省的呼玛、逊克、爱辉、嘉荫等县。赫哲族主要分布于黑龙江、松花江和乌苏里江会合处的“三江平原”和完达山一带,以今黑龙江省的同江、抚远和饶河等县的沿江地区最为集中。
South of Heilongjiang River area is mainly distributed with Daur, Ewenki, Oroqen, He Zhe and other ethnic groups. The Daur ethnic group mainly lives in the present-day Mori Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner in the northern part of the Xingan Mountains. The rich Nenjiang left bank area is its most concentrated place to live. The Ewenki people live in the present Ewenki Autonomous Banner, which belongs to the branch of the Greater Hinggan Mountains. There are 10 larger rivers and more than 600 lakes of different sizes, including the Hailar, Yimin, Hui, Sini, Spring. Oroqen mainly live in the Hinggan Mountains and Huxian Mountains, roughly in the autonomous region of Hulun Buir League Oroqen Autonomous Banner, Bute Haqi, Moridawu Daur Autonomous Banner and Hema, Xunke, Aihui, Jia Yam and other counties. The Hezhes are mainly distributed in the areas of “Sanjiang Plain” and Wandashan, where the Heilongjiang, Songhua and Ussuri Rivers meet. Today, most of the rivers in the areas such as Tongjiang, Fuyuan and Raohe counties in Heilongjiang Province are most concentrated.