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了解大豆枯萎病菌的群体遗传特征及明确大豆种质对大豆枯萎病的抗性,对抗病育种、抗性品种的合理布局以及制定更有效的病害防治策略具有重要的参考价值。本研究利用随机扩增多态性DNA(random amplified polymorphic DNA,RAPD),对采自我国不同地区的大豆枯萎病菌—尖孢镰孢菌(Fusarium oxysporum)进行遗传多样性分析,筛选到10个多态性随机引物,共扩增出75条RAPD条带,其中55条为多态性条带,占73.3%。利用UPGMA法对DNA扩增图谱进行聚类分析,以相似系数0.68为阈值,55个分离物可分为9个遗传聚类组,表明我国大豆枯萎病菌具有丰富的种内遗传多样性,所划分的群体与分离物来源地不相关。同时,对上述分离物进行致病性分析,发现我国的大豆枯萎病菌具有明显的致病力分化现象。进一步利用3个代表性分离物对来自我国不同大豆产区的180个大豆品种(资源)进行抗大豆枯萎病鉴定,发现皖豆28、中黄13、中黄51、中作X08076和5D034等5个品种对大豆枯萎病具有良好抗性,占供试材料的2.8%,表明不同大豆品种对枯萎病的抗性存在一定的差异。
Understanding the population genetic characteristics of Fusarium oxysporum f. Sp. And identifying the resistance of soybean germplasm to Fusarium wilt has important reference value for the breeding of disease-resistant varieties, rational distribution of resistant cultivars, and the development of more effective disease control strategies. In this study, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used to analyze the genetic diversity of Fusarium oxysporum from different regions in China. A total of 75 RAPD bands were amplified with random primers. Among them, 55 were polymorphic bands, accounting for 73.3%. UPGMA method was used to cluster the DNA amplification map. With similarity coefficient of 0.68 as the threshold value, 55 isolates could be divided into 9 genetic cluster groups, indicating that Fusarium oxysporum f. Are not related to the origin of the isolates. At the same time, pathogenicity analysis of the above isolates showed that Fusarium oxysporum f. Three representative isolates were further used to identify 180 soybean cultivars (resources) from different soybean producing areas in China. The results showed that Wutu 28, Zhonghuang 13, Zhonghuang 51, Zhongxuo X08076 and 5D034.5 The varieties had good resistance to soybean wilt, accounting for 2.8% of the tested materials, indicating that the resistance of different soybean varieties to Fusarium wilt there are some differences.