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目的探讨太空环境对甘草的诱变作用。方法利用返回式卫星搭载甘草,18d后返回地球(飞行回收舱平均辐射剂量为0.102mGy·d-1,飞行远地点距地球350km,重力为10-6N),搭载种子返回地面后与对照组同时播于实验田中,取生长3年的甘草叶子用作ISSR分析,应用简单序列重复(ISSR)分子标记技术分析甘草基因组的变异情况。结果最终10条能产生清晰重复多态性条带的ISSR引物用于检测鄂托克前旗样品的基因组多态性,9条能产生清晰重复的多态性条带的ISSR引物用于检测杭锦旗样品的基因组多态性。太空飞行组与地面对照组的相似系数分别为0.8868和0.8723,遗传距离分别为0.1201和0.1366,基因组的多态性频率为20.3%和20.7%,多态性片段大小在200～1900bp之间。结论太空环境对甘草基因组产生了一定的诱变作用,这些变化表明空间育种是一种新型有效的育种方法并且对保护濒危甘草资源做出贡献。
Objective To explore the mutagenic effects of space environment on licorice. Methods The licorice was carried on a return satellite and returned to Earth 18 days later (the average radiation dose in the flight recovery chamber was 0.102 mGy·d-1, and the apogee was 350 km away from the earth and the gravity was 10-6 N). The seeds were returned to the ground and then broadcasted to the control group. In the experimental field, licorice leaves grown for 3 years were used for ISSR analysis and the ISSR molecular marker technique was used to analyze the variation of licorice genome. Results In the end, 10 ISSR primers with clear and repeatable polymorphic bands were used to detect genomic polymorphisms in the Etuokeqianqi sample, and 9 ISSR primers were used to detect the disease. Genomic polymorphism of the pennant sample. The similarity coefficients between the space flight group and the ground control group were 0.8868 and 0.8723, respectively, and the genetic distances were 0.1201 and 0.1366. The polymorphic frequencies of the genome were 20.3% and 20.7%, and the polymorphic fragment size was between 200 and 1900 bp. Conclusion The space environment has produced some mutagenic effects on the licorice genome. These changes indicate that space breeding is a new and effective breeding method and contributes to the protection of endangered licorice resources.