The Diaolongbei site in Zaoyang City,Hubei,is the remains of a Neolithic settlement located at the confluence of the Changjiang and Huanghe rivers.A lot of house-foundations were found to contatin much charcoal.The present paper reports the species identification of the charcoal samples un-earthed from the site by means of light microscope and scanning electron microscopes.The results show that the samples belong to sawtooth oak (Quercus acutissima) and eucommia(Eucommia ulmoides) respectively.The other data obtained include information on the wood exploitation of the prehistoric population,as well as paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic evidence.