菲利普斯是20世纪前期美国杰出的南部史学家,他对美国黑人奴隶制和老南部史的研究成绩显著,但是他的论著中显现着他的黑人种族低劣偏见。菲利普斯史学的这种特征导致了其声誉随着时移世变而起伏。在1950年代以前,菲利普斯史学著述虽招致黑人学者的尖锐批驳,也有个别白人学者加以质疑,但是占据史学主流的白人史学家对菲利普斯史学赞誉有加,菲利普斯的学者声誉和学术影响处在巅峰。1950、1960年代菲利普斯转而被认定是一个种族主义史学家,其史观遭到摈弃。从1960年代末以后,菲利普斯的学者声誉得到一定程度的恢复。史学界基本形成了一个共识,即菲利普斯只是一个认识上的种族主义者,他对历史研究的贡献应予肯定。从根本上说,菲利普斯种族主义史学和个人声誉的演变是历代史学家在时移世变中的反应。 Phillips was an outstanding southern historian of the United States in the early twentieth century. His research on African-American slavery and the old southern history was remarkable, but his treatise showed his inferior black bias. This feature of Phillips historiography has caused its reputation to fluctuate with time. Prior to the 1950s, the Phillips historian’s writings were sharply criticized by black scholars and questioned by some white scholars. However, white historians, who dominated the historiography, praised Phillips’s history. Phillips’s scholarship and academic influence lay in the peak. 1950, Phillips in the 1960s turned to be identified as a racist historian, the concept of history was abandoned. Since the late 1960s, the reputation of Phillips scholars has been somewhat restored. Historians have basically formed a consensus that Phillips is only a cognitive racist and that his contribution to historical research should be affirmed. Fundamentally speaking, the evolution of Phillips’ racist historiography and personal reputation is a response of historians of the ages to changing times.