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餐厨垃圾是城市生活垃圾的重要组分,其末端为主的处理方式造成占用土地、环境污染、资源浪费等环境负荷日益严重,其外部性令政府不堪重负。文章基于绿色供应链生命周期管理的思想,对城市垃圾减量过程管理的研究系统进行重新界定并研究食品垃圾减量管理模式。构建了以食品物质流过程环节及其主体感知和行为的影响因素构成的垃圾减量分析和管理框架模型,提出并定义了行为主体对垃圾减量管理的绿色感知强度指数和减量行为绿色强度指数,以北京市餐厨垃圾现状调研数据为例,实证分析垃圾减量绿色感知强度和主体绿色行为之间的互动关系及规律,以此揭示在食品物质流过程从外部管理、基础设施等手段内化为主体的资源减量认知、态度和行为的内在规律,为垃圾减物质化管理及其模式的形成提供科学依据。研究发现:(1)食品物质流垃圾减量管理系统呈现两端环节的净菜和分类行为减量管理薄弱的特点,其中社区居民垃圾分类问题尤为严重,需探讨完善系统化的过程资源减量化管理模式;(2)深层次的环境认知和环保自觉意识以及垃圾减量化行为约束的外部机制薄弱,因此呈现出较高的垃圾分类认识与较低下绿色自觉行为之间存在显著缺口的现象,深化普及绿色价值观和规范行为是推动垃圾减量管理的重点举措;(3)厨余垃圾减量系统是消费、排放、回收以及管理模式协同联动的有机整体,需促进消费、经营、管理模式协同的绿色转变,并建立资源和垃圾减量化管理的短期、长期激励关联机制,逐步建立城市垃圾减量化管理模式。
Food waste is an important component of municipal solid waste, and its end-based treatment causes more and more environmental load such as land occupation, environmental pollution and waste of resources, which makes the government overwhelmed by its externalities. Based on the idea of life cycle management of green supply chain, the article redefined the research system of urban waste reduction process management and studied the management mode of food waste reduction. A model of trash reduction analysis and management framework consisting of influencing factors of food substance flow process and its main body perception and behavior was constructed and the green perceived intensity index and diminished green intensity of the trash reduction management were proposed and defined Index, taking Beijing’s status quo of food waste as an example, this paper empirically analyzes the interactive relationship and regularity between green perceived intensity of garbage reduction and green behavior of the main body, so as to reveal the relationship between the green management of garbage and external environment, Internalization as the main body of the resource reduction cognition, attitudes and behavior of the inherent laws and regulations for the waste materialized management and the formation of a model to provide a scientific basis. The findings are as follows: (1) The system of trash management of foodstuff material flow shows the weakening characteristics of net food and taxonomic activities at both ends. The problem of community residents’ garbage classification is particularly serious. It is necessary to discuss how to improve and systematize the reduction of process resources Management mode; (2) the deep external environmental awareness and awareness of environmental protection as well as the external mechanism of garbage reduction behavior constraints are weak, so there is a significant gap between higher garbage classification awareness and lower green conscious behavior Phenomenon, and deepening the popularization of green values and norms is the key measure to promote the management of waste reduction; (3) The kitchen waste reduction system is an organic whole of synergistic linkage of consumption, emission, recovery and management mode, which needs to promote consumption, operation and management Mode of green synergy and the establishment of resources and waste reduction management of short-term and long-term incentive mechanism, and gradually establish a city of garbage reduction management.