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(一) 什么是玉?古人是怎样认识玉的?这是我们讨论良渚玉器时首先碰到的问题。闻广教授写道:“我国古玉主要是软玉,而中文宝石硬玉另有专名翡翠。所以长期以来中文玉的音译yù,已成为国际上宝石学中的通用名词,即等同于矿物学中软玉的专用名词。”按照地质学矿物的分类,它是属于角闪岩中钙角闪岩的一种,“是一般具有交织纤维显微结构的透闪石——阳起石系列矿物。”但并非透闪石或阳起石就是软玉,只有具有交织纤维显微结构(软玉结构)的
(A) What is jade? How did the ancients know jade? This is the first problem we encountered when discussing jade. Professor Wen Guang wrote: “The jade in our country is mainly nephrite, while the Chinese gem jadeite has a special name jadeite, so for a long time the transliteration of Chinese jade has become a common noun in gemology in the world, which is equivalent to mineral A special term for nephrite in science. ”According to the classification of geologic minerals, it is a type of amphibolite that is part of the amphibolite,“ ”a tremolite-actinite with a generally interwoven fiber microstructure Series of minerals. "But not tremolite or actinolite is nephrite, only with interwoven fiber microstructure (nephrite structure)