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本文在利用DEA方法对我国各地区1986-2008年的碳排放效率进行测算的基础上,通过动态面板协整方法和误差修正模型分析了二氧化碳排放效率提高的长期影响因素,并且利用误差修正模型对碳排放效率和各变量进行了格兰杰因果关系检验和收敛性检验.研究发现R&D投入、能源价格、公共投资、对外开放度、产业结构以及技术溢出与碳排放效率存在协整关系;前三个因素对碳排放效率存在正向影响,R&D投入的影响最大;后三者对其影响为负,存在“污染避难所效应”.提升地区碳排放效率内生创新努力是关键,我国各地区碳排放效率存在发散特征.“,”We apply Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) for measuring changes in total carbon emission efficiency between 1986 and 2008 across Chinese regions and then estimate its long - run determinants. Our results indicate the positive effect of R&D, price and public expenditure on carbon emission performance and the negative effect of export, industrial structure and the geographical spillover of R&D. A longrun relationship has been detected and the coefficients, estimated using Kao's method, are statistically significant mostly. The key to improving car- bon emission performance is inner innovation. Investment in R&D shows larger returns than investment in public infrastructure. The hypothesis of “Pollution haven” is proved true in China.