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运用常规制片法,以5个新疆欧洲李类型种质资源为研究材料,对其染色体核型特征进行观察测量及数据分析。结果表明:(1)供试的5个欧洲李类型均为六倍体(2n=6x=48),均含有不同数量的m和sm染色体,相对长度系数均包括L、M2、M1和s等4种类型。(2)5个欧洲李类型染色体的平均臂比范围为1.46~1.69,核型类型均属2B型,核型不对称系数范围为59.13%~62.34%。研究认为,新疆欧洲李核型特征具有种共性的同时,不同类型间也具有一定程度的差异,核型进化趋势总体由对称向不对称发展。在核型特征上,国外引进欧洲李品种与塔城槟子具有较近的亲缘关系,而塔城酸梅与野生欧洲李的亲缘关系较近。
Using the conventional method, 5 Xinjiang germplasm resources were used as materials to observe and measure their karyotypes and analyze the data. The results showed as follows: (1) The five European plum varieties were all hexaploid (2n = 6x = 48), all of them contained different numbers of m and sm chromosomes. The relative length coefficients included L, M2, M1 and s 4 types. (2) The average arm ratios of the five European Li type chromosomes ranged from 1.46 to 1.69, and the karyotypes belonged to type 2B and the karyotype asymmetry coefficients ranged from 59.13% to 62.34%. The study suggests that while the karyotypes of the common European species in Xinjiang are common to all species, the karyotypes diverge to some extent in different types. The evolutionary trend of karyotypes generally develops from symmetry to asymmetry. In terms of karyotypes, the introduction of European species of plum has a close genetic relationship with the tower city of Penang, while the genetic relationship between the plum and the wild European plum is relatively close.