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井下采煤产生的大范围岩移必然最终改变原有地表形态并影响坡面侵蚀特征及规律。该文从井下与地表相结合的新视角,结合彬长矿区水土流失特征和典型煤矿采矿条件,以采深、地表坡面坡度等因素为变量,构建了30个不同类型的数值模型,通过数值模拟方法研究并揭示井下采深对地表坡面形态及侵蚀的影响规律。结果表明:(1)随着采深的增加,地表坡面坡度增大幅度呈现减小的变化趋势。在相同采深条件下,坡度增大率与坡面自然坡度整体上呈负相关。(2)随着采深的增加,地表坡面坡长减小幅度呈现减小的变化趋势,且自然坡度越小,该变化趋势越明显。地表坡面坡长减小率与自然坡度随着采深的增加呈现先正相关后负相关的关系,自然坡度为26.57°是拐点。(3)采深的增加会削弱地表坡面产流产沙的强度增幅,缓解坡面侵蚀加剧的程度,这种效应在坡度较小的坡面更加显著。井下采煤引起地表坡面坡度的增大是产生这一规律的主因。
Large-scale rock-fall caused by underground coal mining will inevitably eventually change the original surface morphology and affect slope erosion characteristics and laws. According to the characteristics of soil and water loss in Binchang mining area and the mining conditions of typical coal mines, 30 different types of numerical models were constructed by taking the factors of mining depth and surface slope as the variables, Simulation method to study and reveal the mining depth on the surface morphology and erosion of the law. The results show that: (1) With the increase of mining depth, the gradient of surface slope shows a decreasing trend. Under the same mining conditions, the slope increase rate is negatively correlated with the natural slope of the slope. (2) With the increase of mining depth, the decreasing tendency of slope length of surface slope shows a decreasing trend, and the smaller the natural slope, the more obvious the change trend. The decreasing rate of slope length of the slope on the surface shows a positive correlation and a negative correlation with the natural slope as the mining depth increases. The natural slope of 26.57 ° is the inflection point. (3) The increase of mining depth will weaken the intensity increase of runoff and sediment yield on the surface slope and alleviate the aggravating degree of slope erosion. This effect is more significant on the slope with smaller slope. The reason of this rule is the increase of surface slope caused by underground coal mining.