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一、绪言材料的机械性能随所用试样的形状和尺寸等而变化。因此,一般采用标准试样对工业材料进行质量鉴别和比较,但在测定实体强度或进行力学解析和研究等时,也采用非标准试样。在选择试样和分析试骏的结果时,应考虑试样形状和尺寸的影响。形状对强度的影响可用有限元法应力解析来进行定量研究,而尺寸对强度的影响,则采用应变仪绘制的应力—变形曲线和测定断裂点来进行研究。本研究应用这些手段,研究了试样的形状和尺寸对灰铸铁强
I. INTRODUCTION The mechanical properties of materials vary with the shape and size of the sample used. Therefore, the general use of standard samples of industrial materials quality identification and comparison, but in the determination of physical strength or mechanical analysis and research, also used non-standard samples. In selecting samples and analyzing test results, the influence of sample shape and size should be considered. The effect of shape on the strength can be quantitatively studied by stress analysis using finite element method. The effect of size on the strength is studied by using the stress-strain curves drawn by strain gauges and the determination of break points. In this study, these methods were used to study the shape and size of the sample against gray cast iron