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本文从篇章的角度考察“因为P,所以Q”类因果句的语用条件和因果标志词的使用情况。该句式的语用条件应该包括语用意图、上文提供的相关信息、P和Q所属的信息类型和上文与句式的语义关系等多种因素。但是,各种因素内部在出现频率上均存在不同程度的差异。我们认为,这与语用意图本身的言语表达特点和句式语义特点的适应性、小说的写作目的和表达要求、说话人在篇章中对信息出现位置的安排、对现实中存在的矛盾对立现象的真实反映、篇章连贯的使用手段等有关。因果标单用比共用的频率高得多,语感上两可的也较为常见。但对于为什么要用,还得将句法、语义和语用(特别是语用意图)等几个方面结合起来分析才能得出比较客观全面的结论。
This article examines the pragmatic conditions and the use of causal markers of causal ci like “P, so Q ” from the perspective of discourse. The pragmatic conditions of the sentence should include the pragmatic intent, the relevant information provided above, the types of information that P and Q belong to, and the semantic relations between the above and the sentence. However, there are different degrees of internalization of various factors within the frequency of occurrence. In our opinion, this is in accordance with the adaptability of verbal expressions and syntactic semantic features of pragmatic intentions, the purpose and expression of writing in fiction, the arrangement of the speaker’s position in the texts and the contradiction and opposition in reality The true reflection of the coherent use of the discourse and so on. Cause and effect single with a much higher frequency than the common sense of the two can be more common. However, it is necessary to combine the syntactic, semantic and pragmatic (especially pragmatic intentions) aspects to analyze why we can get more objective and comprehensive conclusions.