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在公元316年时,自汉末以来不断内徙的北方少数民族终于打破了西晋暂时统一的平静,引发了民族的变乱。他们纷纷入主中原,一时形成了多种少数民族政权鼎足而立的割据局面,史称“五胡乱华”。而后,崛起于中国北方的拓跋鲜卑族,在经过了多年的发展壮大后,终于在公元398年结束了这种五胡十六国的混乱局面,统一了北方,建立了北魏王朝。在这段历史时期里,有一个值得特别重视的文化历史现象,就是佛教与佛教艺术的空前发展。在文章中,我主要通过新疆的佛教石窟艺术特色对当时历史环境中各少数民族地区的佛教艺术进行探析。
In 316 AD, the northern ethnic minorities that continued to migrate since the end of the Han Dynasty finally broke the tentative unification calm of the Western Jin Dynasty and triggered ethnic unrest. They have entered the Central Plains in succession, and at one time formed a tripartite separatist stand for various ethnic minorities. Later, the Tuoba Xianbei people, who rose in northern China, finally ended the turmoil in the 16 provinces of Hu Beihu in AD 398 after years of development and growth. They unified the north and established the Northern Wei Dynasty. In this historical period, there is a cultural and historical phenomenon that deserves special attention. This is the unprecedented development of Buddhism and Buddhist art. In the article, I mainly analyzed the Buddhist art in all ethnic minority areas in the historical environment through the artistic features of Buddhist grottoes in Xinjiang.