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经过近20年的发展,中国慈善事业取得了显著成效。但不难看到,其尚处于起步阶段,观念、政策和组织都存在明显缺陷。国人慈善观念尚未固化,并随社会思潮呈现摇摆多元态势。与之对应,政策在慈善事业的市场和社会准入问题上审慎而犹疑。这种有限取向,在引致种种慈善乱象的同时,业已无法适应国内日益旺盛的慈善需求。在国家让渡出的有限空间中,行政化路径仍是慈善落实的主流选择。市场化和社会化逻辑虽做部分探索,但或多或少都面临着合法性及可持续困局,各种社会争议也总是如影随形。政策演进的现实性和复杂性提醒我们:慈善事业由国家而社会的转移并不顺利。中国慈善事业迎来的将是一个垄断与竞争长期并存的双轨时期。
After nearly 20 years of development, China’s charity has achieved remarkable results. However, it is not hard to see that it is still in its infancy, with obvious flaws in its concepts, policies and organizations. The philanthropic concept of compatriots has not yet been solidified and has shown a swinging pluralistic trend with the social trend of thought. Correspondingly, the policy is cautious and hesitant on the issue of philanthropic markets and social access. This limited orientation, while causing all kinds of chaotic chaos, can no longer meet the increasingly vigorous philanthropic needs in the country. In the limited space in which the state gives way, the administrative path remains the mainstream choice for charity implementation. Although some marketization and socialization logic are explored, they are more or less confronted with legitimacy and sustainable dilemmas, and various social disputes are always followed. The reality and complexity of policy evolution reminds us that the transfer of philanthropy from state to society is not smooth. China’s charity will usher in a two-track period in which monopoly and competition will coexist for a long time.