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李官桥盆地位于秦岭东段南侧,横跨豫鄂两省边界,分布于淅川、均县境内,面积约700平方公里。盆地为一不对称向斜构造,地层倾角平缓,出露完好,化石丰富,是河南省下第三系的代表性地区(图1)。该区“红层”的研究,始于1930年,李捷、朱森在盆地内范庄、指甲坡发现属于始新世的哺乳动物、龟类化石后,将其定为范庄统,隶属第三纪。1961年河南省石油队,首次将该套“红层”划分为玉皇顶、大仓房、核桃园、上寺四组,时代归于第三—白垩纪。嗣后,中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所、湖北地质研究所、北京地质学院及豫十二地质队等单位,对地层和矿产做了大量工作,积累了丰富的资料(表1)。
Li Guanqiao basin is located in the south of the eastern section of Qinling Mountains, across the border between Henan and Hubei provinces, located in Xichuan, Jun County territory, an area of about 700 square kilometers. The basin is an asymmetrical syncline structure with gentle dip of strata, well exposed and rich fossils. It is a representative area of the Tertiary in Henan Province (Figure 1). The study of “red beds” in the area began in 1930. Li Jie and Zhu Sen studied the Eocene mammals and turtle fossils in Fanzhuang and Nijiapo in the basin, discipline. In 1961, the petroleum team of Henan Province, for the first time, divided the set of “red beds” into four groups: the Jade Emperor Roof, the Big Cang Room, the Walnut Garden and the Shangsi Monastery. The era belongs to the third-Cretaceous period. Subsequently, the Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Hubei Institute of Geology, Beijing Institute of Geology and Yu 12 geological team and other units, a lot of work on the strata and minerals, has accumulated a wealth of information (Table 1).