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“不比”句从形式上看是“比”字句的否定形式,但在意义上是不是“比”字句的否定式,众说纷纭。本文认为“不比”句不仅从形式上看是“比”字句的否定式,同时从意义上看也是“比”字句的否定式。“差比”本身包含“胜过”和“不及”两个意义空间,“不比”句在否定“胜过”义时必然留下两个意义空间:“等同”和“不及”;在否定“不及”义时也必然留下两个意义空间:“等同”和“胜过”。这是造成“不比”句多义性的根本动因。“没有”句的功能是表示“不及”义,是从“不及”的角度去说X、Y之间的差比关系,因此,严格地说它不是“比”字句的否定式,不具有否定功能。
The “no better than” sentence is formally a negative version of the “more than” clause, but in the sense that it is not a negative of the “than” clause, and there are different opinions. This paper holds that the “no better than” clause is not only negative in the form of “比”, but also negative in the sense of “比”. “Difference ” itself contains two meaning spaces, “outweigh” and “outweigh”, and “outweigh” in the negative “outweighs ” inevitably leaves two meaning spaces: “Equal” and “less than”; in the denial of “less than” meaning must also leave two spaces of meaning: “equivalent” and “over”. This is the fundamental motivation for the ambiguity of the “no better than” sentence. The function of the “no” clause is to say that the meaning of “less than” is the difference between X and Y from the perspective of “less than”, so strictly speaking it is not “more than” Negatives of words do not have negative functions.