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西夏語的動詞與同語支的其他語言一樣,有人稱呼應、體、式等語法範疇。而在羌語支中,「趨向」為其重要語法特徵。在西夏語中,表示趨向意義,除了趨向前綴外,並有表趨向意義的運動動詞「來」、「去」(■lja1「來」、■ljij2「來」、■ji1「去」、■ji2「去」)。本文試圖利用分布法及計量分析法,來釐清對立單位之間的異同。研究結果顯示,西夏語的■lja1「來」、■ljij2「來」、■ji1「去」、■ji2「去」於趨向範疇中開始出現系統性的對立狀態,其主要原因在於■ji1「去」與■ji2「去」功能的轉移,換言之,■ji2「去」與■ji1「去」之間的人稱呼應對立發生動搖,而產生如■lja1「來」與■ljij2「來」之間的對立。這四個語素,一方面,可以在句中作謂語使用,用以表示人(或物體)在空間領域裡的具體位移。另一方面,可與動詞組成(P)V1V2結構,表示虛化的空間意義。儘管從數據上兩組單位之間的功能及使用比例相仿,但是■ljij2「來」與■ji2「去」在使用上已經有所限制。從我們的分析數據來看,西夏語來去動詞的分化與虛化仍處於進行式,兩組動詞的同義單位會走向分化或消除不得而知。但可以肯定的是,以來去動詞虛化作為趨向範疇的主要語法形式應會持續下去。因為趨向前綴轉向體功能的承載,於是語言只好利用其他方式來表達趨向意義。
Xixia language verb and the same language as other languages, some people call the response, body, type and other grammar categories. In the Qiang language branch, “tendency” is its important grammatical features. In Xixia language, it means that there is a tendency to meanings. In addition to the tendency of prefixes, there are sports verbs such as “coming” and “going” (lja1 “come”, “ljij2” come “,” jiji1 go “ ji2 ”go“). This paper attempts to use the distribution method and econometric analysis to clarify the similarities and differences between the opposite units. The results of the study show that the main reasons for the beginning of systemic opposition in the trend category are mainly the following: ■ lja1 ”come“, ■ ljij2 ”come“, ■ jiji1 go ”; ■ ji2 go“ ji1 ”go“ and ■ ji2 ”go“ function in other words, in other words, ■ ji2 「go」 and ■ ji1 「go」 between the opposition to the people waver, resulting in ■ lja1 「come」 and ■ ■ ljij2 ”to“ the opposition between. These four morphemes, on the one hand, can be used as predicates in sentences to represent the specific displacement of people (or objects) in the field of space. On the other hand, the V1V2 structure can be formed with the verb (P), indicating the spatial meaning of the blurring. Although the data from the two units of the function and the use of the proportion of similar, but ■ ljij2 ”come“ and ■ ji2 ”go" has been limited in use. From our analysis of data, the divergence and deconstruction of the verbs in Xixia language are still in progress, and the synonyms of the two groups of verbs can not be differentiated or eliminated. What is certain, however, is that the main grammatical form of the verb to the verdict has always been sustained. Because of the tendency to prefix the body’s function of bearing, so the language had to use other means to express the trend of meaning.