Background: Although concomitant nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is common in chronic hepatitis B (CHB), the impact of viral factors on NASH and the outcome of CHB patients concomitant with NASH remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the outcomes of NASH in CHB patients receiving antiviral treat-ment. Methods: In the post-hoc analysis of a multicenter trial, na?ve CHB patients receiving 72-week entecavir treatment were enrolled. We evaluated the biochemical, viral and histopathological responses of these patients. The histopathological features of NASH were also evaluated, using paired liver biopsies at base- line and week 72. Results: A total of 1000 CHB patients were finally enrolled for analysis, with 18.2％ of whom fulfilling the criteria of NASH. A total of 727 patients completed entecavir antiviral treatment and received the second biopsy. Serum HBeAg loss, HBeAg seroconversion and HBV-DNA undetectable rates were similar between patients with or without NASH ( P > 0.05). Among patients with NASH, the hepatic steatosis, ballooning, lobular inflammation scores and fibrosis stages all improved during follow-up (all P < 0.001), 46％ (63/136) achieved NASH resolution. Patients with baseline body mass index (BMI) ≥ 23 kg/m 2 (Asian criteria) [odds ratio (OR): 0.414; 95％ confidence interval (95％ CI): 0.190-0.899; P = 0.012] and weight gain (OR: 0.187; 95％ CI: 0.050-0.693; P = 0.026) were less likely to have NASH resolution. Among patients without NASH at baseline, 22 (3.7％) developed NASH. Baseline BMI ≥ 23 kg/m 2 (OR: 12.506; 95％ CI:2.813-55.606; P = 0.001) and weight gain (OR: 5.126; 95％ CI: 1.674-15.694; P = 0.005) were predictors of incident NASH. Conclusions: Lower BMI and weight reduction but not virologic factors determine NASH resolution in CHB. The value of weight management in CHB patients during antiviral treatment deserves further eval-uation.